there was an international relations class i was taking that had the most ridiculous theories to it–by the time we reach ~psychology or anthropology, we are approaching the absolute limits of a scientific method and attitude. when this attitude is thrown all the way to politics, one of the most chaotic functions imaginable, the results are bizarre. there were three main theories, which they purported to compete with one another, everyone filling journals up arguing over who was right, that basically went like this:
- realism- states want power and use militaries
- neoliberal institutionalism- international organizations share wealth and determine policies
- constructivism- ideas and values shape societies
these were supposed to be competing ideas. theory is an attempt to simplify a set of phenomena to make it more manageable in some sense of that word or another–you make yourself a little more stupid so you can get a certain job done. but don’t let the medicine become the disease! intellectuals often get lost in their self-induced stupidity, which leads to saying silly, silly things like either states look to maximize their power or multinational organizations shape the societal landscape. the two clearly don’t exclude each other. that makes no sense.
anyway, what would my groundwork theory in understanding politics be? i think most helpful would be a recognition of what engages us (or should engage us) with politics in the first place–that the world is filled with much, much suffering. this would be something akin to the ‘first noble truth’ theory of international relations. human beings are cruel to one another. if we weren’t, there’d be no need to discuss politics. people must be saved from themselves and from other people and also from the people doing the saving in the first place! this knapsack of concerns is only filled because men and women are not kind to their brothers and sisters. a kind world would organize itself spontaneously and without trouble–thus without much deliberation. thinking is the pebble in the shoe–debating happens when something gets jammed up somewhere. when we encounter a political event, instead of first approaching it as “where will the state act to maximize its power in this situation?” we should ask “how is the 20 billion kiloton mass of suffering in our world affected by this development?”
so for instance communism and capitalism. slajov zizek, in his book ‘violence,’ reminds us that there is more to evil than isolated acts that appear before a background of stability and neutral, fair living. there is also a systemic violence that exists like an all-white background of a picture, unnoticed because we pay attention to the foreground. communism was not fascism, as vicious as their police states both were. the former was motivated by a desire to change a systemic violence, the violence of having and having-not, which appears so natural in our country but is still a measurable kiloton worthy of being addressed. their attempts to enforce society, a messy, messy thing, to adopt the policies it thought would evaporate the kiloton were like shipping a parcel of water in the mail–too fluid and malleable to be brought into the kind of order necessary for a state-controlled redistribution of wealth. the tools were not fit well for the goal and so suffering was increased as a police state had to be instituted to ensure the desired reforms could take place, and we were left with a failure in suffering-alleviation. capitalism offers us a lack of foreground violence–things are much more stable because competition for resources is a much more natural mindset of a human than collectivizing oneself into a larger whole of the People so that all may be equal and free. so the first things we notice are not secret police and dictatorships. but behind it is a world where a person born into a poor lot finds himself helpless, his story untold in the foreground-reporting of our culture. both systems circulate their suffering but one appears in execution, another in ideology, one in the foreground and another in back.




